The core sample method extracts a thin cylindrical section of road at sample locations. The thickness of the various road layers can be established from the cores. The cores can be tested for quality in a testing laboratory. The outcome can be compared with the contract quantity and quality.
A reasonable balance needs to be achieved in testing between all of:
testing a sufficient sample to give a realistic picture of actual quality/quantity
cost of testing
damage to the road
inconvenience to road users.
Identify any discrepancies between the test results and