Diversity of skills

An infrastructure project may be very diverse in terms of the number of different professions, trades and specialist contractors required.  E.g.:

• Professionals:  such as architect, engineer, construction manager, quantity surveyor, accountant, lawyer, banker. 
• Trades:  such as machine operator, concrete pourer, steel fixer, scaffolder, pipe fitter, brick layer, plasterer, carpenter, electrician, plumber.
• Specialist contractors:  such as excavation, foundations, civil works, building works, insulation, roofing, mechanical, electrical.

This diversity leads to varied standards of qualification, integrity and oversight.

Each of these professions, trades and business specialities may have a different professional, trade or business association with different codes of conduct, and differing levels of training, compliance with, and enforcement of, these codes.

This diversity makes it more difficult to impose a uniform and integrated anti-corruption control environment on the project.