On-Line Anti-Corruption Training Module
Why use a wide definition of “corruption”?
The reasons for using a wide definition of corruption are as follows:
- All the criminal offences referred to on the previous page can occur in the infrastructure sector.
- They often occur together. For example, a bribe may be concealed by fraudulent documents (e.g. an agency agreement). A fraudulent act (e.g. over claiming for work done) may be facilitated by bribing the supervisor who certifies the amount of work done. The corrupt proceeds of a bribe, fraud or embezzlement may be concealed through some money-laundering process.
- Their objective is illicit profit.
- They can all result in considerable financial loss and/or defective quality.
- They can all result in criminal liability for the organisations and the individuals involved.
- Similar measures can be used to prevent and detect these offences.
Consequently, it makes sense to deal with these offences together.