Conclusion

All the factors referred to on the preceding pages combine to facilitate corruption on infrastructure projects, and make corruption harder to prevent and detect. 

It is therefore imperative that:

• awareness is raised about how corruption takes place in the infrastructure sector and how it can be prevented
• effective anti-corruption controls are put in place by all relevant project participants throughout the project cycle
• effective monitoring, reporting, investigation and prosecution systems are implemented.

(Note:  Separate online modules cover, in relation to both the procurement and construction phases, how corruption takes place, how to prevent it, and how to investigate it.)