- Contractual structure used in example
- Fraud
- Overview
- Fraud by false representation
- Fraud by failing to disclose information
- Fraud by abuse of position
- Fraud – conflict of interest
- Fraud – intention
- Bribery
- Overview
- Bribery by bidder
- Bribery by project owner manager
- Cartels
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- Abuse of procurement procedures
- Eliminating likely winners
- Creating false competition
- Inadequate bid advertising
- Shortened response time
- Splitting contracts
- Bid criteria favour one bidder
- Subjective decision criteria
- Unequal treatment of bidders
- Enabling price adjustments
- Abuse of emergency procedures
- The inter-relationship between offences
- Conclusion
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